ROTC, SATC Reserve Officers Training Corps & Student Army Training Corps photo http://rexcurry.net/nazi%20salute%208.jpg
MILITARY SOCIALISM IN GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS image http://rexcurry.net/nazi%20salute%205.jpg

Frightening information about the history of the Pledge of Allegiance is at http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-pledge.html (with shocking historical photographs).
For fascinating information about symbolism see http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-swastika.html 
Hear audio on worldwide radio at http://rexcurry.net/audio-rex-curry-podcast-radio.html
Image at http://rexcurry.net/nazi%20salute%208.jpg
ROTC SATC National Socialism & National Socialists in the USA
ROTC SATC
Photo http://rexcurry.net/nazi%20salute%205.jpg


Oppose the National Socialist German Workers' Party and its socialist legacies that exist in today's government.   
For more information regarding Nazi policies in the USA see http://rexcurry.net/police-state.html 
Military issues are the subject of a lot of research, including the influence of militarism and military socialism on young people.

The most socialistic institutions in the USA -and sharing blame for the spread of socialism throughout the USA- has been the military and government schools (socialist schools).

Some school militarism comes from the explicit military training in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC). The forerunner of today’s ROTC was the Student Army Training Corps (SATC). Even earlier militaristic influences existed in American schools.
http://rexcurry.net/military-socialism-satc-rotc-militarism.html

As much as the Pledge of Allegiance and football, military training has been a part of school tradition. The pledge and football were originally created as part of military training for schools.

The pledge originally (1892 to 1945) began with a military salute. The pledge was written by Francis Bellamy to promote military socialism in government schools.

After the pledge's initial military salute, the gesture was then extended toward the flag with a straight-arm motion.
http://rexcurry.net/nazi%20salute%208.jpg

The pledge was the origin of the straight-arm salute of German National Socialism as discovered by the historian Dr. Rex Curry, author of "Pledge of Allegiance Secrets." http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-pledge.html

Shocking photos are on the web.
http://rexcurry.net/nazi%20salute%205.jpg

Militarism in government schools (socialist schools) was specifically promoted in the USA in 1888 as "military socialism" by Edward Bellamy (cousin and cohort of Francis Bellamy) and author of the book "Looking Backward from 2000 to 1887."  
http://rexcurry.net/military-socialism-militarism-socialist-complex.html

The Bellamys admired the military and they wanted all of society to ape the military under a martial law system.

People who disliked military socialism were persecuted for refusing to give the straight-arm salute to the national flag. That was the flag of the USA (the stars and stripes) and the flag of Germany (the swastika flag).  It was happening at the same time in both countries.

Some of the American influence can be traced to a single American (and Harvard graduate): Ernst Hanfstaengl.
http://rexcurry.net/swastika-hanfstaengl.html

Although the swastika was an ancient symbol, Professor Rex Curry (author of "Swastika Secrets") discovered that it was also used sometimes by German National Socialists to represent "S" letters for the "socialism" in his militaristic society.  http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-swastika.html

The popularity of military training has waxed and waned. Sometimes Universities have been virtual military bases, other times campuses have been uniform-free. More recently, the very place of military instruction in schools has come under attack.

Notre Dame’s early SATC cadets practiced marksmanship at a firing range on campus.

In the past, Colleges and High schools would have shooting clubs apart from any military training. Students would bring their own firearms to school and use them while on school grounds.

In the government's schools today, most students are never taught anything good or useful about guns. Students never learn how to use firearms safely or intelligently. News outlets still report on the use of guns at schools, but the gun use is always without school approval, and usually involves massive violence.

Today, it is illegal for students to buy or own guns under 21 years of age for any reason, including hunting or self-defense.

Students who are under 21 years of age might not ever possess firearms unless they are drafted into the military (or join as a job) and are sent to invade foreign countries and murder people.  The government provides the guns that it had previously banned. Under those circumstances, refusal to obey the government  is considered a crime punishable by court martial and imprisonment.

Government officials often express confusion about the cause of violence among some young people and officials wonder where young people learn to commit theft and heinous acts of mass violence.  Government officials should try looking into a mirror.

Edward Bellamy's book was an international bestseller and was tranlsated into every major language including German, Russian and Chinese. The Bellamy dogma influenced socialists worldwide, including the countries of the socialist Wholecaust (of which the Holocaust was a part): 65 million dead under the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; 49 million under the Peoples' Republic of China; 21 million under the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSGWP). 

****************************

In 1858, at Notre Dame, the student-organized Continental Cadets began marching across campus in their blue and buff American Revolutionary-style uniforms. Since that time, Notre Dame has been teaching students how to be soldiers.  Other colleges have marched to similar drums.

The initial campus enthusiasm for military training abated following the Civil War.

According to the article “ROTC at Notre Dame,” By John Monczunski in Notre Dame Magazine, “In 1880, at Notre Dame, University President William Corby, CSC, the famous chaplain who gave absolution at the Battle of Gettysburg, revived the program. Father Corby wanted a military regimen to provide students with discipline, recreation, and exercise. Two years later, academic credit was offered for the training. By 1917 it had become a required course for most Notre Dame students.”

Notre Dame applied to the War Department to participate in the government's Student Army Training Corps (SATC) in 1917.

Notre Dame’s SATC cadets practiced marksmanship at a firing range on campus. The range was between Corby Hall and Old College. Cadets marched and drilled there.

At that time, the World War I draft was draining away students. School administrators saw participation in SATC as essential to the economic viability of the school.  The school’s bid was rejected because its training was judged inferior by the government.

***********************

The following was reported by John Monczunski in Notre Dame Magazine:

Notre Dame President Rev. John W. Cavanaugh, CSC, was furious with the verdict. The University continued to lobby, and in autumn 1918 some 700 students were sworn into the SATC, only to be demobilized in December with the war's end.

After a 23-year hiatus, military training returned to campus in September 1941 when the Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps was established at Notre Dame. For all practical purposes the University became a naval base during World War II . Some 12,000 officers were trained at Notre Dame from 1942 to 1946, while only a few hundred civilians worked on degrees.

With the end of the war, Air Force ROTC joined the Navy on campus in 1947 and the Army arrived in 1951, making the University at the time one of only a dozen schools with all three branches of the military. Currently, 43 schools nationwide have all three services represented on campus.

At ROTC's peak in the late 1960s when some 1,600 Notre Dame students were in uniform. With the end of the Vietnam War and with anti-military public sentiment at its height, the number plunged to 442 in1974. By the time of the Gulf War in 1990, the number had rebounded to 791 students. Currently just 338 students are enrolled in the three branches of ROTC. The combined ROTC programs contributed more than $6 million in financial aid to Notre Dame students this year.

For most of Notre Dame's history the University's involvement with military training has gone uncontested. The pacifist stance has never been strongly held in American Catholicism. Not until the anti-war protests of the 1960s, when student activists attempted to burn down the ROTC building, has ROTC's presence on campus been strongly questioned. Since then the issue has resurfaced with varying intensity every few years.
ROTC SATC original socialist salute - military
ROTC SATC image http://rexcurry.net/nazi%20salute%205.jpg

Military issues are the subject of a lot of research, including the influence of militarism, martial law, military socialism and the military-socialist complex. Much of the work overlooks the historical impact in the United States, its effects upon the rest of the world, and fears of martial law and military socialism today.
http://rexcurry.net/military-socialism-militarism-socialist-complex.html

Militarism was specifically promoted in the USA in 1888 as "military socialism" by Edward Bellamy, author of the book "Looking Backward from 2000 to 1887."  The book was an international bestseller and was tranlsated into every major language including German, Russian and Chinese. It appears by title in many of the major Marxist writings of the day. Clubs sprang up in the USA and worldwide for touting the book's ideas. The Bellamy dogma influenced socialists worldwide, including the countries of the socialist Wholecaust (of which the Holocaust was a part): 65 million dead under the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; 49 million under the Peoples' Republic of China; 21 million under the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSGWP). 

The Pledge of Allegiance to the U.S. flag originally (1892 to 1945) began with a military salute. The pledge was written by Francis Bellamy, cousin and cohort to Edward. The pledge was created to promote their military socialism in the most socialistic institution: government schools (socialized schools). They wanted government to take over all schools and create the "industrial army" from children to spread the Bellamy vision. The Bellamys admired the military and they wanted all of society to ape the military under a martial law system.

The most socialistic institutions in the USA -and the cause of the spread of socialism throughout the USA- has been the military and government schools (socialist schools).

The military salute began the Pledge of Allegiance and the gesture was then extended toward the flag with a straight-arm gesture and thus, Francis' early pledge was the origin of the straight-arm salute of German National Socialism as discovered by the historian Dr. Rex Curry, author of "Pledge of Allegiance Secrets." Shocking photos are on the web.
 http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-pledge.html

Early flag ettiquette for men in uniform was to perform the straight-arm salute - not the military salute - when the flag was passing or when the Pledge of Allegiance was being robotically chanted.  That practice lasted as long as 1942 for civilians.

The Sunday Times-Signal in Zanesville, Ohio of August 9, 1942 states, "When the flag is passing in parade or in review, all persons present should face the flag, stand at attention and salute. Those present in uniform should render the right-hand salute." The same article distinguishes the behavior for the actual Pledge of Allegiance by stating that during the pledge, "Persons in uniform shall render the military salute."  A photograph is provided of the right-hand salute showing a stiff arm salute with the palm up. The arm and the palm are so stiff and straight that, at a greater distance, the viewer would have difficulty discerning the direction of the palm.

Several newspapers carried an article similar to the one in the Bismarck Tribune on May 28, 1926.  It states that during the pledge of allegiance "persons in uniform render the right-hand salute."

The Daily Northwestern Newspaper (Thursday Evening) March 8, 1917, explains that the military salute has an outward extension. "Standing- at attention, raise the right hand to the forehead Over the right eye, palm downward, fingers extended and close together, arm at an angle of forty-five degrees. Move hand outward about a foot, with a quick motion,
then drop to the side."

The original Pledge of Allegiance began with a military salute that was then extended out toward the flag.  That is how the classic stylized straight-arm salute originated in the USA's pledge.

As consequence, the USA set a bad example for a long time, as the world observed the U.S. military delivering the straight-arm salute to the flag before WWI, during WWI, after WWI, and for up to three decades before the existence of the National Socialist German Workers' Party.

People were persecuted for refusing to pledge or to perform the straight-arm salute to the national flag.  That was to the flag of the USA (the stars and stripes) and of Germany (the swastika flag) as it happened at the same time.  Some religious people considered it sacrilegious. There were good reasons to view the pledge/salute as the worship of government. Most people do not know that a cross was worshiped as the notorious symbol of German National Socialism. The NSGWP called their symbol the Hakenkreuz, not the swastika. Hakenkreuz means "hooked cross." Although the swastika was an ancient symbol, Professor Rex Curry (author of "Swastika Secrets") discovered that it was also used sometimes by German National Socialists to represent "S" letters for their "socialism."  With a 45 degree turn of his Hakenkreuz, the leader of the NSGWP combined the cross with collectivism, merged church and state, meshed religion and socialism, and mandated the worship of government. http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-swastika.html

The Bellamy desire for government schools (and their use for socialist militarism) was a monstrous example to the world for decades and still is.

Many socialists who adopted the straight-arm salute (e.g. the National Socialist German Workers' Party) later, knew that the salute was being used in government schools in the U.S. to promote the military-socialism complex.

Jewish children were forced to perform the socialist straight-arm salute in government schools in the U.S. long before the National Socialist German Workers' Party existed, and for years thereafter while the horrid party tried to impose socialism everywhere.
 http://rexcurry.net/swastikamain.html

Government schools (socialist schools) expelled children who did not perform the original salute and pledge to the U.S. flag.
http://rexcurry.net/pledge_military.html

Bellamy belonged to a group known for "Nationalism," whose members wanted the federal government to nationalize most of the domestic economy. He saw government schools as a means to that end.   It was a view later shared in the military-socialist complex of the socialist trio of atrocities.

In his Pledge of Allegiance, Francis Bellamy is expressing the ideas of his first cousin, Edward Bellamy, author of the American socialist utopian novels, Looking Backward (1888) and Equality (1897).

Bellamy’s “Looking Backward” is about a man who sleeps from 1887 until the year 2000.  The United States has become one giant socialist monopoly (excuse the redundancy). The book openly portrays men treated as military draftees, from the age of twenty-one until the age of forty-five, in the U.S.’s industrial army.  Before the age of twenty-one, men attend one enormous school system of government schools that are an integral part of creating the industrial army in the socialist system. Bellamy’s glorification of the military includes government assignment of all jobs.  Everyone is issued ration cards which are used to draw goods from government storehouses. Everyone is forced to have only the same amount in value annually.

Of course, all of the preceding is portrayed as a dandy utopia just as it was in the military socialist complex of the socialist trio of atrocities and elsewhere. 

The book was translated into 20 foreign languages.  It was popular among the elite in pre-revolutionary Russia, and was even read by Lenin's wife. John Dewey and the historian Charles Beard intended to praise the book by stating that it was matched in influence only by Das Kapital.

Intermittent protests have been less inflammatory, although occasionally dramatic as in 1990 when a student spray painted "RAW is backwards" in 6-foot-high white letters on the roof of the Pasquirella Center, the ROTC programs' building then under construction. In subsequent years silent prayer vigils have been held and leaflets passed and an informal alumni group calling itself ND Peacenet has circulated a petition calling for ROTC's removal from campus on pacifist Christian grounds.

One of Father Edward Malloy's first actions when named president of the University in 1987 was to appoint a committee charged with examining the ethical aspects of Notre Dame's ROTC programs. The committee concluded that ROTC programs were adequately forming the ethical consciences of its cadets but also recommended that "ROTC students be strongly encouraged, even required to take theology and philosophy courses that address the Catholic tradition of war and peace."

The issue of a mandatory University course bubbled to the surface again last fall as the ND chapter of Pax Christi began a year-long series of discussions on the Christian response to war and peace. About 100 students, including many ROTC cadets, attended each of the first several sessions. A civil but spirited exchange of views has continued in the Observer's opinion pages. In a September editorial, the student newspaper urged the University to require that ROTC students take a course on war ethics.

In recent years about half of all ROTC students have taken the theology elective "War, Law and Ethics" and a few have minored in peace studies, but critics are not satisfied. "The ROTC program hosted at a Catholic institution should conform to the teachings of the Catholic church on war and peace; I don't think that is happening here," argues Pax Christi's faculty advisor Rev. Michael Baxter, CSC , an assistant professor of theology.

Defenders of military training contend that the Catholic milieu of the University forms consciences and the ROTC curriculum itself examines the morality of warfare and attempts to instill high ethical values; critics counter that ROTC courses offer a secular perspective, not a rigorous Catholic understanding of just war theory.

"It's been my impression that ROTC handles these matters well," says Associate Provost John Jenkins, CSC, who oversees Notre Dame's ROTC programs. "These are very conscientious people and they have a deep sense of the moral gravity of what they're about."

The debate over ROTC has continued through the spring semester. If the past is any predictor, the wrangling is likely to go on . . . and on . . .

*********************

Before WWII the French colonized the area known as French IndoChina, the present areas of Vietnam, Cambodia & Laos. They were a classic colonial power, more interested in pursuing their own goals and protecting French Missionaries than anything else. The locals didn't like them and wanted them out. The French were militarily stronger and stayed.

There were several efforts to toss the French between 1885 and WWII. During that war the Vichy French government ceded control to Japan, an ally of Germany, and things got very active with encroachments by the militaries of many countries. After the Japanese were defeated the locals ( Viet Minh ) resumed their efforts to toss the French, culminating in the battle of Dien Bien Phu in March 1954 where the French were soundly defeated. In April the Geneva Agreements granted independence to the area. Elections were to be held in 1956 to elect a government.

The US supported Ngo Dinh Diem who wanted his own feifdom in the area we came to know as South Vietnam and held his own elections, complete with serious fraud and won with 98.2% of the vote. That number alone should tell you something. His regieme was nasty, authoritarian and nepotistic. He survived two coup attempts in 1960 and 1962 but was toppled in 1963. Then followed a series of US puppet governments, one worse then the other.

The North united behind Ho Chi Minh who was a well known war hero and tried to unify the country with the help of anyone who would assist. The war that followed was not one of aggression by Ho but an attempt at unification. The US, as today, refused to back down but sent in thousands of troops and lied to us about why they were there. This resulted in the wasting of 50,000 odd US lives and those of countless Viet Namese.

Anyone who believes the Viet Cong were aggressors probably also believes that Saddam had caches of WMD stored all over Iraq.

Now this does not address the question of whether someone who believes the stories told by his government and attacks a foreign country is personally a war criminal. Certainly those in power are. After a certain amount of time we have to ask what a person should have known as even someone who hides under a rock should recognize a series of lies as flagrant as those we get routinely from Washington City.

It is a reminder of the book by the former prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi "The Prosecution of President George W. Bush for Murder."

**********************

"Another neighbor, a patriarchal old Englishman with a white beard, kept a great stand of bees. I remember his incessant drumming on a tin pan to marshal them when they were swarming, and myself as idly wondering who first discovered that this was the thing to do, and why the bees should fall in with it. It struck me that if the bees were as intelligent as bees are cracked up to be, instead of mobilising themselves for old man Reynolds's benefit, they would sting him soundly and then fly off about their business. I always think of this when I see a file of soldiers, wondering why the sound of a drum does not incite them to shoot their officers, throw away their rifles, go home, and go to work." -- Albert Jay Nock

http://rexcurry.net is proud to be the first to use the phrases "military-socialist complex" and "military-socialism complex" on the internet, according to searches of the web and groups.